Pierce, D. T.; Jiménez, J. A.; Bentley, J.; Raabe, D.; Wittig, J. E.: The influence of stacking fault energy on the microstructural and strainhardening evolution of Fe–Mn–Al–Si steels during tensile deformation. Acta Materialia 100, pp. 178 - 190 (2015)
Pierce, D. T.; Jiménez, J. A.; Bentley, J.; Raabe, D.: The influence of manganese content on the stacking fault and austenite/epsilon-martensite interfacial energies in Fe–Mn–(Al–Si) steels investigated by experiment and theory. Acta Materialia 68, pp. 238 - 253 (2014)
If manganese nodules can be mined in an environmentally friendly way, the critical metals needed for the energy transition could be produced with low CO2 emissions
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials have developed a carbon-free, energy-saving method to extract nickel for batteries, magnets and stainless steel.
Max Planck scientists design a process that merges metal extraction, alloying and processing into one single, eco-friendly step. Their results are now published in the journal Nature.