SFM - Surface Force Apparatus

We are currently running two newly designed electrochemical surface forces apparatuses (EC-SFA) that allow control and measurement of surface potentials and interfacial electrochemical reactions with simultaneous measurement of normal interaction forces (with nN resolution), friction forces (with nN resolution), and distances (with Å resolution) between apposing surfaces. The EC-SFA allows, for the first time, one to also look at complex long-term transient effects of dynamic processes (e.g., relaxation times), which are also reflected in interfacial forces while tuning electrochemical surface potentials.