Schmidt, T.; Balk, T. J.; Dehm, G.; Arzt, E.: Influence of tantalum and silver interlayers on thermal stress evolution in copper thin films on silicon substrates. Scripta Materialia 50 (6), pp. 733 - 737 (2004)
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials have developed a carbon-free, energy-saving method to extract nickel for batteries, magnets and stainless steel.