Scientific Events

Design of Novel Hybrid and Solid State Battery Materials and Cell Prototypes

Where: virtual on Zoom (link follows) [more]

Salt-concentrated liquid electrolytes: unique features and battery applications

  • Date: Apr 5, 2022
  • Time: 09:00 AM c.t. - 10:00 AM (Local Time Germany)
  • Speaker: Professor Yuki Yamada
  • The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
  • Location: Online
  • Room: Virtual Lecture
(zoom lecture link comes shortly before) An ever-increasing demand for better batteries (with high voltage, high capacity, fast charging, and high safety) has set extraordinarily high standards for electrolyte materials, which are far beyond the realm of conventional nonaqueous electrolyte design based on 1 mol L-1 (M) LiPF6 and ethylene carbonate (EC). Generally, further increasing salt concentration over the conventional 1 M increases the viscosity and decreases the ionic conductivity, both of which are unfavorable for battery electrolytes in terms of reaction kinetics. However, various unusual functions have been recently discovered at high salt concentrations (over 3 M) (Fig. 1), including i) high reduction stability, ii) high oxidation stability, iii) fast electrode reactions, iv) high safety, v) wide liquidus temperature range, and vi) prevention of Al corrosion at high potentials, etc. As a result, concentrated nonaqueous and aqueous solutions are emerging as a new class of liquid electrolytes for advanced batteries. In this talk, I will introduce various unusual functions of concentrated electrolytes, which are not shared by conventional dilute electrolytes, discuss the mechanism from the viewpoint of their unique ion-solvent coordination structures, and present new electrolyte design strategies to advanced batteries. Reference 1. Y. Yamada et al., Nat. Energy, 4, 269 (2019); 2. Y. Yamada et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 5039 (2014); 3. J. Wang and Y. Yamada et al., Nat. Commun., 7, 12032 (2016); 4. Y. Yamada et al., Nat. Energy, 1, 16129 (2016); 5. J. Wang and Y. Yamada et al., Nat. Energy, 3, 22 (2018); 6. Q. Zheng and Y. Yamada et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 58, 14202 (2019); 7. Q. Zheng and Y. Yamada et al., Nat. Energy, 5, 291 (2020); 8. J. Wang and Y. Yamada et al., Adv. Sci., 8, 2101646 (2021); 9. S. Ko and Y. Yamada et al., Joule, 5, 998 (2021). [more]
(zoom lecture link comes shortly before) Current state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain electrode materials with mostly layered structures that serve as host lattices for the reversible, electrochemical intercalation of lithium ions. The kinetics of these intercalation reactions are typically limited by the solid-state diffusion of the ions inside the lattice. Volumetric changes that accompany the (de-)insertion of ions further lead to degradation of the electrode materials. These factors contribute to the limited power and lifetime of LIBs. While some of these limitations can be mitigated by nanostructuring of the electrode material, there is a large interest in finding structural motifs that allow for intrinsically fast ion diffusion with reduced host lattice deformation, even in bulk-sized particles. In this presentation, I will highlight how interlayer properties, such as interlayer distance and interlayer chemistry, affect electrochemical ion intercalation processes in layered host materials. It is demonstrated that the presence of interlayer structural molecules can increase the accessibility of intercalating ions to the interlayer space and affect their transport properties. Increased interlayer spacing and reduced deformation during ion intercalation can lead to a change from diffusion-limited to non-diffusion limited (or pseudocapacitive) charge storage behavior, enabling favorable charge storage kinetics. The talk will give an overview of my research group’s efforts to synthesize interlayer-functionalized layered and two-dimensional materials with tailored interlayer properties towards high power intercalation electrodes and highlight the challenges regarding both materials synthesis and characterization. [more]
(zoom lecture link comes shortly before)The improvement of current and new-generation battery technologies requires the discovery of new electrode materials and the continuous development of existing ones. These are complicated processes where materials design (often aided by computational techniques), materials synthesis and characterization play an equally important role. This lecture will span different alkali-ion battery technologies and different materials chemistries (layered, polyanionic) to demonstrate the importance of an all-around approach to materials discovery and development. Particular attention will be given to thorough structural characterization techniques, using complementary probes, and to their implementation in situ, i.e. in real time during synthesis or during battery charge/discharge. [more]

Prussian blue and its derivatives: towards sustainable next-generation energy storage

Portable and stationary rechargeable batteries are within the many energy-related technologies that require fast progress within the urgent need of remediation of global climate. For example, batteries can still represent up to a third of electric vehicles emissions due to their manufacturing process and lack of end-of-life management. Developing fundamentally sustainable battery materials and electrode processing stands as a central strategy for efficient battery recycling. One essential requirement of next-generation battery technologies is the substitution of costly elements like Li and Co by widely (and more evenly) available ones like Na and Fe in the electrode materials. This implies the development of new energy storage materials, as well synthetic methods. Materials with porous and hollow morphologies are one of the promising approaches in achieving long-term stability in batteries. Such structures can buffer volumetric changes associated with many energy storage mechanisms (like conversion reactions or ion insertion), avoiding effects like aggregation, structure collapse and loss of conductivity which leads to poor electrochemical performance. Prussian blue (PB, KFe[Fe(CN)6]) and its analogues (PBA, AM[M’(CN)6]) are cheap, easy to synthesize, non-toxic, biocompatible, water and air-stable metal complexes. They have an intrinsic porous framework structure that allows ion intercalation with very little or no strain. Their metal centers are electroactive in both organic and aqueous media. Therefore, this class of materials is ideal for battery electrode applications, achieving high stability and capacity without the need for complex synthetic routes. The tunability of PB(A) structure and composition also makes them versatile template materials. Through different derivatization methods, PB derivatives (PBD) can be prepared. Regardless of the relatively simple structure of PB(A), PBDs present an ever-growing number of compositions that encompass metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, carbides, hybrids (among others), and an array of morphologies from simple cubes to highly complex hollow and porous structures. Such PBD have recently demonstrated state of the art performance in catalysis and energy storage applications. This talk will give an overview of the current challenges and strategies to achieve high-performance sustainable batteries, with a focus on PB- and PBD-based electrode materials. [more]

Recovery and Utilization of Materials from electronic waste via Cryomilling to Develop Advanced Green Technologies

Recovery and Utilization of Materials from electronic waste via Cryomilling to Develop Advanced Green Technologies Krishanu Biswas#Electronic waste (e-waste) causes enormous societal and environmental impact when they enter the trash stream. It has emerged as the fastest-growing waste source in recent decades throughout the universe. The global accumulation of e-waste is expected to reach 74 Mt by 2030, nearly doubling in tonnage over this decade (2020-2030). The act of indiscriminate e-waste dumping, along with inefficient and unorthodox e-waste handling, is indisputably detrimental to economic and public health. Since e-waste has dramatically increased the impact on the environment, developing sustainable solutions for recovery and recycling is of prime importance. In this direction, the present research aims to establish an easily scalable and novel green technique to rejuvenate and effectively use metallic, ceramic and polymeric components of the e-waste by use of cryo-grinding in an ecologically responsible and energy-efficient manner. The low-temperature grinding method that breaks down PCBs all the way into nanoscaled particles, further enabling enhanced physical separation of the different base constituent materials that are the polymer, oxide, and metal. The recovered materials are easy to be beneficiated as the nanoscale particles produced from grinding are mostly single phase particles, compared to the larger particles obtained by other methods that are multiphase mixtures of various constituents. The metallic content is utilized to electrochemically selectively reduce CO2 into distinct gaseous products, resulting in the generation of CH4, and H2 as main gaseous products at neutral pH. On the other hand, the extracted polymeric component is utilized to synthesize graphene/CNT using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in a liquid media, showing promise in synthesizing high-quality graphene, which may be enhanced further by tweaking the PLA process parameters. The synthesized graphene was utilized to fabricate highly conductive electrical connections, revealing the excellent functional capacity of crystalline graphene. Polymeric content along with ceramic are being utilized for making electrical switch boards. In a nutshell, this green technique provided means of extracting main components from e-waste, via low temperature grinding, which can then be utilized to make green energy, precious materials like graphene/CNT, and other engineering applications in an ecologically responsible manner, making the process sustainable and hence, solving a global problem. [more]
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